Videos
See O’VISTA in action.
Short demos and highlights—focused, visual, and easy to explore.
Neurology Education Series
Frontotemporal Disorders & Biomarkers
Click a lesson below to explore video, key concepts, and clinical glossary.
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Lesson 01
Same Protein, Different Syndromes
Understanding Tau, TDP-43 & Frontotemporal Disorders
🎥 12 min video
📋 11 glossary terms
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Lesson 02
Saccade Abnormalities as Biomarkers
Differentiating FTLD Subtypes and Alzheimer’s Disease
🎥 10 min video
📋 11 glossary terms
Lesson 01
Same Protein, Different Locations = Different Syndromes
Understanding Tau, TDP-43 & Frontotemporal Disorders
Video Lesson
Topography Is Destiny
Why Tau and TDP-43 cause distinct diseases based on anatomical location.
📚 What You’ll Learn
- Topography is Destiny: Same protein + different brain location = different clinical syndrome
- Tau Pathology: Brainstem → PSP; Asymmetric cortex → CBD; Frontal/temporal → Pick Disease
- TDP-43 Pathology: Anterior temporal → Semantic Dementia; Motor neurons → FTD-ALS
- Clinical Correlations: Eye movements (PSP), one-sided rigidity (CBD), semantic loss (SD)
- FTD vs. FTLD: Clinical diagnosis vs. pathological diagnosis — why the distinction matters
💡 Key Insight: Protein identity alone is not diagnostic. Anatomical selectivity determines the syndrome.
🔬 Clinical–Anatomical Rules
- Brainstem involvement → vertical gaze palsy → PSP
- Asymmetric cortex + basal ganglia → unilateral motor signs → CBD
- Anterior temporal lobes → loss of word meaning → Semantic Dementia
- Motor neuron involvement → muscle weakness → FTD-ALS
📋 FTD & FTLD Glossary
| Abbreviation | Full English Name | Category |
|---|---|---|
| FTD | Frontotemporal Dementia | Clinical Umbrella Term |
| bvFTD | behavioral variant Frontotemporal Dementia | Clinical Syndrome |
| SD | Semantic Dementia | Clinical Syndrome |
| PNFA | Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia | Clinical Syndrome |
| PSPS | Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Syndrome | Clinical Syndrome |
| FTLD | Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration | Pathological Umbrella Term |
| FTLD-tau | FTLD with tau pathology | Pathological Subtype |
| FTLD-TDP | FTLD with TDP-43 pathology | Pathological Subtype |
| PSP | Progressive Supranuclear Palsy | Pathological Diagnosis |
| CBD | Corticobasal Degeneration | Pathological Diagnosis |
| Pick’s Disease | Pick’s Disease | Pathological Diagnosis |
Lesson 02
Saccade Abnormalities as Biomarkers
Differentiating FTLD Subtypes and Alzheimer’s Disease
Video Lesson
Eye-Tracking Reveals Pathology
How saccade metrics distinguish tau, TDP-43, and AD before autopsy.
📚 What You’ll Learn
- Antisaccade Impairment Is Nonspecific: All FTD and AD groups show deficits — reflects frontal executive dysfunction
- Visually Guided Saccades Differentiate Pathology: FTLD-tau shows reduced velocity/gain; FTLD-TDP largely normal; AD shows prolonged latency
- PSP Has a Distinct Signature: Profound vertical saccade slowing + reduced gain; AUC ≈ 0.98 for diagnostic accuracy
- Structure–Function Link: Vertical saccade velocity correlates with dorsal midbrain atrophy (riMLF region)
- Clinical Utility: Objective, noninvasive biomarkers usable 2+ years before death; valuable for tau-trial enrichment
💡 Key Insight: Eye-movement metrics provide objective, noninvasive biomarkers that can predict underlying neuropathology during life.
🔬 Clinical–Diagnostic Rules
- Horizontal saccade latency prolonged → suggests Alzheimer Disease
- Reduced saccade velocity & gain → indicates FTLD-tau pathology
- Vertical saccade slowing + reduced gain → highly specific for PSP
- Normal reflexive saccades → consistent with FTLD-TDP
📋 Lesson 2 Glossary: Saccade Metrics & Pathology
| Abbreviation | Full English Name | Category |
|---|---|---|
| PSP | Progressive Supranuclear Palsy | Pathological Diagnosis (FTLD-tau subtype) |
| CBD | Corticobasal Degeneration | Pathological Diagnosis (FTLD-tau subtype) |
| FTLD-tau | Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with tau pathology | Pathological Subtype |
| FTLD-TDP | Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with TDP-43 pathology | Pathological Subtype |
| AD | Alzheimer Disease | Neurodegenerative Pathology |
| Saccade Velocity | Peak speed of an eye movement | Oculomotor Metric |
| Saccade Gain | Ratio of saccade amplitude to target amplitude | Oculomotor Metric |
| Saccade Latency | Time from target appearance to saccade initiation | Oculomotor Metric |
| riMLF | rostral Interstitial Nucleus of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus | Midbrain Structure |
| Antisaccade | Volitional eye movement away from a sudden visual target | Executive Function Test |
| AUC | Area Under the ROC Curve | Diagnostic Accuracy Metric |